Zika virus. Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection: interim guidance. Zika virus definition is - a flavivirus (species Zika virus of the genus Flavivirus) typically transmitted by aedes mosquitoes (especially Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus) that causes a usually mild illness marked chiefly by fever, joint pain, rash, and conjunctivitis and that has been associated with an increased incidence of microcephaly in infants born to pregnant women infected with the virus. Viremia has been reported in a newborn at least 67 days after birth. 2016 Sep 15;375(11):1101-3. 2015 Feb;21(2):359-61. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Feb;79(1):1-3. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/8/17-0479_article Zika and chikungunya virus co-infection in a traveller returning from Colombia, 2016: virus isolation and genetic analysis. J Infect Public Health. Male-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus - Texas, January 2016. Cherabuddi K, Iovine NM, Shah K, et al. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6514a3.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279226?tool=bestpractice.com, Despite mild clinical symptoms, gestational Zika virus infection is associated with fetal death, placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, and central nervous system (CNS) injury. [100]Tang H, Hammack C, Ogden SC, et al. Zika virus needs a host to infect people, that host is the mosquito. Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus; like other flaviviruses, Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. Different outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. 2019 Oct 7;216(10):2302-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31413072?tool=bestpractice.com. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20751 2014 Apr 10;19(14). [75]Mead PS, Duggal NK, Hook SA, et al. Zika virus infection in pregnant rhesus macaques causes placental dysfunction and immunopathology "Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy leads to an increased risk of fetal growth restriction and fetal central nervous system malformations, which are outcomes broadly referred to as the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Zika virus infection in children: epidemiology and clinical manifestations. During pregnancy, the Zika virus can also spread from a mother to the fetus. 2016 Jul 13;20(1):83-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27247001?tool=bestpractice.com. The biology of Zika virus. https://www.nature.com/nrneurol/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nrneurol.2016.78.html 1988 Aug;69(Pt 8):1913-20. Emerg Infect Dis. The same species of mosquito transmits the chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile viruses, although the Culex species of mosquito is the primary vector for West Nile virus. N Engl J Med. Risk of Zika microcephaly correlates with features of maternal antibodies. https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(16)00106-5 Science. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jan 29;65(3):59-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820244?tool=bestpractice.com. 2016 Jul 7;19(1):120-6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590916300844, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27179424?tool=bestpractice.com. This is the same mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. The above average warm temperatures of 2015–2016 caused by a strong El Nino created an environment conducive to the spread of the Zika Virus in Brazil[2010]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27289428?tool=bestpractice.com http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28195756?tool=bestpractice.com [106]Guillemette-Artur P, Besnard M, Eyrolle-Guignot D, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625872?tool=bestpractice.com [88]Colt S, Garcia-Casal MN, Peña-Rosas JP, et al. The infection, which in most people can be mild or asymptomatic, especially affects pregnant women. Euro Surveill. Euro Surveill. Emerg Infect Dis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074370?tool=bestpractice.com https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/5/16-1715_article http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00247-016-3619-6/fulltext.html 2016 Aug;81:25-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27289428?tool=bestpractice.com. [87]Oliveira DB, Almeida FJ, Durigon EL, et al. pii: e00750-16. Signs and symptoms of the Zika virus most commonly include: See your doctor if you think you or a family member may have the Zika virus, especially if you have recently traveled to an area where there's an ongoing outbreak. The Origin of Zika Virus Zika virus received its name from its place of origin, the Zika Forest of Uganda. When a mosquito bites a person who is already infected with the Zika virus, the virus infects the mosquito. 2016 Jun 2;374(22):2142-51. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601824#t=article, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028667?tool=bestpractice.com. 2016 Sep-Oct;9(5):684-6. [59]Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Chilson Foy JL, et al. [54]Amraoui F, Atyame-Nten C, Vega-Rúa A, et al. Another study found that placental infection induces proliferation and prominent hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells in the chorionic villi. Levi ME. Study finds Zika virus replicates and persists in fetal brains and placentas. WHO/RHR/19.4. Zika virus infection and prolonged viremia in whole-blood specimens. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2021. Evidence of sexual transmission of Zika virus. 2018 Apr 12;378(15):1377-1385. Buckley A, Gould EA. Nogueira ML, Estofolete CF, Terzian AC, et al. 2016 Jun 2;374(22):2195-8. Microcephaly has recently gained notoriety in the popular press because of its association with the Zika virus, one of many viruses that may lead to microcephaly by first damaging the brain. Musso D, Nhan T, Robin E, et al. Possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly - Brazil, 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26952548?tool=bestpractice.com http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31413072?tool=bestpractice.com [103]Cuevas EL, Tong VT, Rozo N, et al. Towards the end of 2015, the Pan American Health Organization announced a possible link between zika and congenital birth defects, in particularly a neurodevastating birth defect known as microcephaly. The pathogenesis of infection is unclear; however, flaviviruses in general are thought to replicate initially in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation and spread to the blood and lymph nodes. [92]Villamil-Gomez WE, Gonzalez-Camargo O, Rodriguez-Ayubi J, et al. In some cases, people contract the virus through blood transfusion or organ donation. 2016 May 5;18(5):587-90. Your doctor or other healthcare provider may order blood or urine tests to help determine if you have Zika. Here we infect pregnant rhesus macaques and investigate the … http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20751 Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily-fluids: a systematic review. A case report found that fetal microcephaly may be caused by a loss of intermediately differentiated postmigratory neurons through an apoptotic mechanism in the midgestational fetal brain. Your feedback has been submitted successfully. 2017 Apr 14;356(6334):175-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28360135?tool=bestpractice.com. 2017 Jan;23(1):99-101. 2016 Apr 21;374(16):1552-63. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1602113, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028561?tool=bestpractice.com. Nonvector transmission events (e.g., perinatal,[56]Besnard M, Lastere S, Teissier A, et al. [72]Rozé B, Najioullah F, Fergé JL, et al; GBS Zika Working Group. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6549e1.htm Davidson A, Slavinski S, Komoto K, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27977645?tool=bestpractice.com [120]Li H, Saucedo-Cuevas L, Regla-Nava JA, et al. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/zika/laboratory-testing/en/. If a pregnant woman contracts the Zika virus during pregnancy, she can pass it to her unborn baby. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866861/ Zika virus shedding in semen of symptomatic infected men. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5516183/ Zika is a virus that is transmitted to people primarily through bites of infected mosquitoes. [46]Sirohi D, Chen Z, Sun L, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497951?tool=bestpractice.com, The Brazilian government is investigating whether factors other than Zika virus infection (e.g., poor hygiene, coinfection with other viruses) are involved in the development of microcephaly because there is an unexpected and uneven distribution of cases of microcephaly across Brazil. 2016 Jun 1;94(6):406-406A. Cell Stem Cell. Then, when the infected mosquito bites another person, the virus enters that person's bloodstream and causes an infection. Besnard M, Lastere S, Teissier A, et al. Culex mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit Zika virus. 2009 Sep;15(9):1347-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819875/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788800?tool=bestpractice.com. Structure and function of the Zika virus full-length NS5 protein. Culex pipiens and Aedes triseriatus mosquito susceptibility to Zika virus. N Engl J Med. Ventura CV, Maia M, Ventura BV, et al. Defining the syndrome associated with congenital Zika virus infection. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5516183/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28383800?tool=bestpractice.com. 2016 Sep 1;21(35):30328. Estimated incubation period for Zika virus disease. It was first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the Zika forest, Uganda, then in mosquitoes ( Aedes africanus ) in the same forest in 1948, and in a human in Nigeria in 1952. 1952).It was not considered a relevant human pathogen until the large outbreak starting in Brazil in 2015 that revealed an association of ZIKV infection with fetal microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome (Ministério da Saúde (Brasil) 2015; PAHO 2016b). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Dec 16;65(49):1409-13. Ferri FF. Zika virus RNA in an asymptomatic donor's vitreous: risk for transmission? However, there have been cases of male to female transmission from asymptomatic men. Bull World Health Organ. The global health community has a responsibility to research and develop a solution to solve this problem as we have little knowledge about the virus. [84]Mansuy JM, Mengelle C, Pasquier C, et al. [85]Prisant N, Bujan L, Benichou H, et al. Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014. 2016 Jun 1;94(6):406-406A. https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/infection-control/managing-occupational-exposures.html. © 1998-2021 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Rosenberg AZ, Yu W, Hill DA, et al. Zika virus: a cause of concern in transplantation? TWiV 376: The flavi of the week is Zika. The complete genomes for the Asian- and African-lineage viruses have been sequenced. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31310210?tool=bestpractice.com, Zika virus RNA has been detected in body fluids other than blood and semen, including amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, saliva, vaginal secretions, and ocular fluids; however, transmission via these body fluids has not yet been fully elucidated. It was later identified in humans in 1968 for the first time in Nigeria. Mouse studies suggest adult neural stem cells are also vulnerable to Zika neuropathology. [74]World Health Organization. Zika virus infection during pregnancy also increases the risk of serious birth defects in infants (congenital Zika syndrome), including: In adults, infection with the Zika virus may cause brain or nervous system complications, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, even in people who never show symptoms of infection. 2016 May 5;18(5):587-90. https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(16)00106-5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26952870?tool=bestpractice.com. Lancet Infect Dis. To comparatively investigate infectious causes of congenital malformations, we performed a nested case-control study in 32 mothers of cases of suspected congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and 160 age-matched controls from Bahia, northeastern … Li C, Xu D, Ye Q, et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 14;356(6334):175-80. Am J Transplant. Emerg Infect Dis. Lancet.2016 Jan 23;387(10016):335-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26777915?tool=bestpractice.com. Does prior dengue virus exposure worsen clinical outcomes of Zika virus infection? Rozé B, Najioullah F, Fergé JL, et al; GBS Zika Working Group. Zika virus RNA in an asymptomatic donor's vitreous: risk for transmission? The incubation period is likely 3-12 days. 2017 May;23(5):863-5. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/5/16-1631_article, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28257281?tool=bestpractice.com. Culex pipiens and Aedes triseriatus mosquito susceptibility to Zika virus. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1600297 A single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly. Aedes mosquitoes usually bite during the day, peaking during early morning and late afternoon/evening. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2017 Aug;19(4). http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2552685 Less than 7% of samples had detectable levels of Zika virus RNA more than 90 days after symptom onset. Curr Opin Infect Dis. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1613108 Your doctor or other healthcare provider may order blood or urine tests to help determine if you have Zika. Complete genome sequence of Zika virus isolated in Mexico, 2016. 2016 Jun;7(2):220. It is spread by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A. aegypti and A. albopictus. Emerg Infect Dis. Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection: interim guidance. Zika virus infects human placental macrophages. Zika virus transmission has been found in all countries in the Region of the Americas except mainland Chile, Uruguay, and Canada. Detection of Zika virus in urine. Zika virus (ZIKV) (pronounced / ˈziːkə / or / ˈzɪkə /) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae. N Engl J Med. The mosquito that carries the Zika virus is found worldwide. 2017 Mar;17(3):791-5. Mosquito-borne doesn’t mean that the virus is “born” in the mosquito, though, but it’s “borne”, with an ‘e’, which means carried or transported. ; Zika virus may play a role in developing congenital microcephaly (small head and brain) in the fetus of infected pregnant women. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. Google Classroom Facebook Twitter. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6514e1.htm?s_cid=mm6514e1_w Symptoms usually last about a week, and most people recover fully. Cell Stem Cell. Siu R, Bukhari W, Todd A, et al. pii: 20751. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Mead PS, Duggal NK, Hook SA, et al. The Latin American 2015–2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak was associated with an increase in microcephaly predominantly in northeastern Brazil. 2016 Oct;22(10):1857-9. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/10/16-1082_article, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27434194?tool=bestpractice.com. Prolonged shedding of Zika virus associated with congenital infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25530324/ 2016 Feb 18;374(7):601-4. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1600297, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26761185?tool=bestpractice.com. 2016 Aug 4;375(5):481-4. Zika Virus (ZIKV) is mosquito-borne emerging flavivirus which was first identified in Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys. Fauci AS, Morens DM. Lancet. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1602412#t=article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819875/ Paz-Bailey G, Rosenberg ES, Doyle K, et al. [80]Sun J, Wu, Zhong H, et al. JAMA Ophthalmol. The Zika virus is transmitted primarily through the bite of an infected aedes species mosquito, which can be found throughout the world. The virus can also spread from one person to another through sexual contact. Prenatal brain MRI of fetuses with Zika virus infection. Possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly - Brazil, 2015. pii: 20761. Clinical and laboratory profile of Zika virus infection in dengue suspected patients: a case series. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has blood tests to look for the Zika virus and other viruses spread by mosquitoes. Zika virus is a virus related to dengue, West Nile, and other viruses. Obstetrics & Gynecology. Accessed Jan. 7, 2021. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348794?tool=bestpractice.com The Zika (ZEE-kuh) virus is most often spread to people through mosquito bites, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Researchers are working on a vaccine for the Zika virus. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Apr 15;65(14):375-8. Curr Opin Infect Dis. A systematic review, pooled analysis and lessons learned. [91]Bogoch II, Brady OJ, Kraemer MU, et al. Zika virus in the Americas - yet another arbovirus threat. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378950/ Complete genome sequence of Zika virus isolated in Mexico, 2016. Meanwhile, as of July 2017, non-mosquito-borne infections (presumably sexually transmitted) were reported in 13 countries: Argentina, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Peru, Portugal, Spain, and the United States. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24721538?tool=bestpractice.com da Silva Pone MV(1), Moura Pone S(2), Araujo Zin A(3), Barros Mendes PH(4), Senra Aibe M(2), Barroso de Aguiar E(2), de Oliveira Gomes da Silva T(2). Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26967758?tool=bestpractice.com [49]Díaz-Quiñonez JA, Peña-Alonso R, Mendieta-Condado E, et al. N Engl J Med. Lancet.2016 Jan 23;387(10016):335-6. 2017 Mar;17(3):791-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27629942?tool=bestpractice.com. Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Intro to viruses. Type III interferons produced by human placental trophoblasts confer protection against Zika virus infection. January 2019 [internet publication]. Neuroinfect Dis. Nature. Your doctor will likely ask about your medical and travel history. 2019 Aug;25(8):1485-93. https://www.doi.org/10.3201/eid2508.190113, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31075077?tool=bestpractice.com. Heck E, Cavanagh HD, Robertson DM. The Zika virus is most often spread to a person through the bite of an infected mosquito. Emerg Infect Dis. Lancet. Nat Rev Microbiol. Preliminary report of microcephaly potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy - Colombia, January-November 2016. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2017 Aug;17(8):2227-8. Further studies are required to investigate these modes of transmission. Driggers RW, Ho CY, Korhonen EM, et al. TWiV 377: Chicken with a side of Zika. TWiV 378: Herpes plays DUBstep. Malkki H. CNS infections: mouse studies confirm the link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly. Culex species mosquitoes and Zika virus.Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. Zika virus shedding in semen of symptomatic infected men. Sardi S, Somasekar S, Naccache SN, et al. Local transmission has been reported in Florida, Texas, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. There have been case reports of prolonged Zika virus detection in semen: Zika virus RNA has been detected 370 days after symptom onset in an immunocompetent man, and >900 days after symptom onset in an immunosuppressed man with a rare rheumatologic condition. [63]Petersen E, Wilson ME, Touch S, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27413190?tool=bestpractice.com Flavivirus cross-reactivity in serological tests and Guillain-Barré syndrome in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient: a case report. Emerg Infect Dis. N Engl J Med. This content does not have an Arabic version. The Brazilian Zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models. [55]Boccolini D, Toma L, Di Luca M, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30682026?tool=bestpractice.com 2016 Jul;56(7):1684-8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/trf.13681/full, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329551?tool=bestpractice.com. Detection of Zika virus in urine. 1. The etiology of progressive disease after in utero infection is not clear and requires investigation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28394887?tool=bestpractice.com, Occupational exposure in healthcare personnel is possible via a percutaneous injury (e.g., needlestick injury) or direct contact of mucous membrane (or nonintact skin) with blood, tissue, or other body fluids that are infectious. Deckard DT, Chung WM, Brooks JT, et al. There are two major lineages: the African lineage (reported in Africa only) and the Asian lineage (reported in Asia, the Western Pacific Region, the Americas, and Cabo Verde). 2015 Jan;21(1):84-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25530324/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25530324?tool=bestpractice.com. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Nat Rev Neurol. Causes of Zika Virus. Science. In rare cases, the Zika virus may cause brain or nervous system complications, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, even in people who never show symptoms of infection. Science. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28452113?tool=bestpractice.com Email. Current knowledge helps guide communication, prevention, and planning efforts between health care providers and female patients of childbearing age. Preliminary report of microcephaly potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy - Colombia, January-November 2016. Zika virus infects neural progenitors in the adult mouse brain and alters proliferation. 2016 Oct;16(10):673-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27556838?tool=bestpractice.com. The neuroinvasion processes are not fully understood and further study is needed. The mosquito that carries the Zika virus is found worldwide. 2015 Jan;21(1):84-6. Modeling Zika virus infection in pregnancy. Science. 2017 Jan;23(1):99-101. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/1/16-1394_article, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748649?tool=bestpractice.com. [102]Brasil P, Pereira JP Jr, Raja Gabaglia C, et al. 2017 Nov 17;358(6365):933-36. Zika, dengue, and chikungunya co-infection in a pregnant woman from Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. TWiV 375: Zika and you will find. 2016 Jul;14(7):401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27211788?tool=bestpractice.com. [113]Quicke KM, Bowen JR, Johnson EL, et al. 2011 May;17(5):880-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27491989?tool=bestpractice.com MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jul 22;65(28):716-7. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6528e2.htm, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27442327?tool=bestpractice.com. Acute Zika infection with concurrent onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Gen Virol. Placental pathology of Zika virus: viral infection of the placenta induces villous stromal macrophage (Hofbauer cell) proliferation and hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. Int J Infect Dis. However, to definitively prove that Zika virus causes microcephaly requires several more pieces of information. Euro Surveill. Flavivirus cross-reactivity in serological tests and Guillain-Barré syndrome in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient: a case report. JMM Case Rep.2016 Dec 19;3(6):e005072. [76]Petridou C, Bonsall D, Ahmed A, et al. Euro Surveill. Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. A single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Detection of Zika virus in saliva. [66]Raboni SM, Bonfim C, Almeida BM, et al. Survey of blood collection centers and implementation of guidance for prevention of transfusion-transmitted Zika virus infection - Puerto Rico, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. Most people infected with the Zika virus have no signs and symptoms. Zika virus, infectious agent of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2841406?tool=bestpractice.com [73]Petersen LR, Jamieson DJ, Powers AM, et al. 2016 Sep;16(9):1000-1. Through the placenta, they can transmit the virus to their fetuses. However, this may not indicate the presence of infectious virus or be associated with the potential for sexual transmission. Prenatal brain MRI of fetuses with Zika virus infection. 2019 Aug;25(8):1485-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033547?tool=bestpractice.com [77]Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e2 Probable transfusion-transmitted Zika virus in Brazil. 2016 Jun 9;534(7606):267-71. 2017 Feb 14;379(13):1234-43. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1613108, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28195756?tool=bestpractice.com. Detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with Zika or Langat virus. These combined characteristics make this virus unusual; biologically it falls between the Aedes-transmitted hemorrhagic disease flaviviruses, such as dengue and yellow fever viruses that have nonhuman primates as their vertebrate hosts, and Cu… Krow-Lucal ER, Biggerstaff BJ, Staples JE. Dengue, chikungunya and Zika co-infection in a patient from Colombia. It was later identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653589?tool=bestpractice.com 2016 Apr 21;374(16):1552-63. 2019 Aug;25(8):1598-1600. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/8/18-1543_article, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31310210?tool=bestpractice.com. ) have also been reported. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26071336?tool=bestpractice.com http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr1605445 A three-dimensional map of the virus structure has shown that the Zika virus is similar in structure to the West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Dengue virus. Emerg Infect Dis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4974310/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27491989?tool=bestpractice.com. It surfaced originally in the Zika forest of Uganda using a sentinel monkey. 2017 Jan;141(1):43-8. [45]Hayes EB. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24721538?tool=bestpractice.com 2017 Apr 10;11(4):e0005528. Co-infections from Zika and chikungunya virus in Bahia, Brazil identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Experimental investigation of the susceptibility of Italian Culex pipiens mosquitoes to Zika virus infection. N Engl J Med. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28971967?tool=bestpractice.com. Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil. The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has followed a pattern that is familiar from earlier epidemics of other viruses, where a new disease is introduced into a human population and then spreads rapidly with important public health consequences. Sort by: Top Voted. In October 2015, in Pernambuco, Brazil, an increase in the number of newborns with microcephaly w … 2014 Apr 3;19(13). In most cases, Zika virus infection causes a mild, self-limited illness. JMM Case Rep.2016 Dec 19;3(6):e005072. Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014. See your doctor or other healthcare provider if you develop symptoms and you live in or have recently traveled to an area with risk of Zika. If you're trying to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about whether you or your partner's upcoming travel plans increase the risk of Zika virus infection. Subsequently, the virus was recovered from humans and mosquitoes in Uganda, Senegal, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, the Central African Republic and Malaysia. [117]Robbiani DF, Olsen PC, Costa F, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313657/ [111]Merfeld E, Ben-Avi L, Kennon M, et al. Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-vectored flavivirus, was first isolated in 1947 from a sentinel research monkey caged in the Zika forest canopy within Uganda [1,2]. Emerg Infect Dis. Zika virus outside Africa. The lipid envelope is covered with dense projections that consist of a membrane and envelope glycoproteins. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27090801?tool=bestpractice.com http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1607262 Emerg Infect Dis. pii: e00750-16. Acute Zika infection with concurrent onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cell Stem Cell. [45]Hayes EB. pii: 20761. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20761, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24739982?tool=bestpractice.com. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726601?tool=bestpractice.com, Viremic travelers (who are often asymptomatic) have introduced the virus into countries where susceptible Aedes species mosquitoes become infected and initiate and perpetuate local transmission cycles. pii: e00377-16. The deceased patient had very high levels of circulating virus, and the family member had close contact with the patient (i.e., kissing and hugging). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28360135?tool=bestpractice.com Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Am J Transplant. and infection with Zika was strongly suspected in a pediatric patient who developed Guillain-Barre syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in one case report. Arch Pathol Lab Med. Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. Prisant N, Bujan L, Benichou H, et al. Rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas - implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games. 2016 Aug 4;375(5):481-4. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr1605445, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433842?tool=bestpractice.com. 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T, Duran P, Tripathi S, Komoto K, et al ):2302-15. http //www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr1605445. Genetic analysis prM protein of Zika microcephaly correlates with features of maternal antibodies these!: e273, but was likely to be from person-to-person contact with the Zika virus case numbers on CDC! By arthropods ): //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24721538? tool=bestpractice.com live primarily indoors near people DJ, Powers AM, et.! 28 ):716-7. http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27090801? tool=bestpractice.com virus infection and solid organ transplantation: a systematic review female! 13 ):1234-43. https: //www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007060, http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28394887? tool=bestpractice.com cryo-EM structure of virus.
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